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Definition: Why is cellular senescence considered a natural part of aging?

Cellular senescence refers to the state in which cells lose their ability to divide and replicate, ultimately leading to their functional decline. It is considered a natural part of aging because it occurs as a result of various biological processes that accumulate over time.

Causes of Cellular Senescence

There are several factors that contribute to the development of cellular senescence:

Telomere Shortening: Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Eventually, when telomeres become critically short, cells enter a state of senescence.

DNA Damage: Accumulated DNA damage, caused by various factors such as oxidative stress and exposure to harmful substances, can trigger cellular senescence.

Epigenetic Changes: Alterations in gene expression patterns, known as epigenetic changes, can lead to cellular senescence.

Cellular Stress: Chronic exposure to stressors, such as inflammation or metabolic dysfunction, can induce cellular senescence.

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Role of Cellular Senescence in Aging

Cellular senescence plays a crucial role in the aging process:

Tumor Suppression: Senescent cells have a reduced ability to divide, preventing the proliferation of damaged cells that could potentially lead to cancer.

Tissue Repair: Senescent cells contribute to tissue repair by secreting various factors that promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Immune Response: Senescent cells can attract immune cells to remove damaged or dysfunctional cells from the body.

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However, despite these beneficial effects, the accumulation of senescent cells over time can also have negative consequences. Senescent cells can secrete harmful molecules that contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction, which are associated with age-related diseases.

Overall, cellular senescence is considered a natural part of aging due to its involvement in various biological processes and its impact on tissue homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence is crucial for developing interventions to promote healthy aging and prevent age-related diseases.

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