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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects a small percentage of menstruating individuals. It is characterized by intense physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms that occur in the week or two before the onset of menstruation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of PMDD can vary from person to person but are typically more severe than those experienced with regular PMS. Common physical symptoms include bloating, breast tenderness, fatigue, and headaches. Emotional and psychological symptoms may include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, and feelings of hopelessness.

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It is important to note that these symptoms significantly interfere with daily functioning and relationships, causing distress and affecting the overall quality of life for individuals with PMDD.

Causes

The exact cause of PMDD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, as well as changes in serotonin levels, are thought to contribute to the development of PMDD.

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Treatment

Treatment options for PMDD aim to alleviate the symptoms and improve overall well-being. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques can help reduce symptoms. Additionally, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and hormonal contraceptives may be prescribed to regulate hormone levels and alleviate symptoms.

It is important for individuals experiencing symptoms of PMDD to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Keywords: symptoms, premenstrual, individuals, changes, levels, treatment, dysphoric, disorder, severe