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Non-Homologous End Joining

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a DNA repair mechanism that plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability. It is a process by which double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are repaired without the need for a homologous template.

Mechanism of Non-Homologous End Joining

NHEJ involves several steps that allow for the repair of DSBs:

Recognition and binding: Proteins involved in NHEJ recognize and bind to the broken DNA ends.

Processing: The broken ends are processed by nucleases and polymerases to remove damaged or mismatched nucleotides.

Alignment: The processed ends are aligned in close proximity to each other.

Ligation: The aligned ends are ligated together by DNA ligase, forming a repaired DNA molecule.

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Importance of Non-Homologous End Joining

NHEJ is an essential DNA repair mechanism as it allows for the repair of DSBs that can arise from various sources, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species, or certain chemicals. Failure to repair DSBs can lead to genomic instability, chromosomal rearrangements, and the development of diseases, including cancer.

Furthermore, NHEJ is particularly important during certain stages of the cell cycle, such as the G1 phase, when homologous recombination, another DNA repair mechanism, is not readily available.

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Overall, non-homologous end joining is a critical process that ensures the maintenance of genomic integrity and cell viability by efficiently repairing DNA double-strand breaks.

Keywords: homologous, repair, joining, mechanism, process, double, strand, breaks, repaired