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Definition: What is an allergic reaction?

An allergic reaction is a physiological response of the immune system to a substance that is normally harmless to most individuals. This exaggerated immune response occurs when the body mistakenly identifies the substance, known as an allergen, as a threat. When exposed to an allergen, the immune system releases chemicals, such as histamine, which trigger a cascade of symptoms throughout the body.

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Causes of Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions can be triggered by a wide range of substances, including but not limited to:

• Pollen
• Dust mites
• Pet dander
• Insect stings
• Foods (e.g., peanuts, shellfish, dairy)
• Medications (e.g., antibiotics, painkillers)
• Latex
• Mold spores

Symptoms of Allergic Reactions

The symptoms of an allergic reaction can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the reaction. Common symptoms include:

• Hives or skin rash
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Sneezing and nasal congestion
• Coughing or wheezing
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
• Abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting
• Difficulty breathing
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

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Treatment and Management

Managing allergic reactions involves avoiding known allergens whenever possible. In cases of mild to moderate reactions, over-the-counter antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms. For severe allergic reactions, known as anaphylaxis, immediate medical attention is necessary. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and may require the administration of epinephrine (commonly known as an EpiPen) to counteract the allergic response.

If you suspect you have allergies or have experienced an allergic reaction, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance on managing your specific allergies.

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Keywords: allergic, reactions, reaction, symptoms, response, immune, system, substance, allergen