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What is a Gastric Emptying Study?

A gastric emptying study, also known as a gastric emptying scan or gastric scintigraphy, is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the rate at which food empties from the stomach. It is a non-invasive procedure that provides valuable information about the functioning of the stomach and can help diagnose various gastrointestinal disorders.

How is a Gastric Emptying Study Performed?

During a gastric emptying study, the patient is given a small meal or a liquid containing a small amount of radioactive material. This radioactive material is harmless and does not cause any side effects. The patient then lies down on a table while a special camera, called a gamma camera, takes pictures of the stomach at regular intervals.

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The gamma camera detects the radioactive material and creates images that show the movement of the food through the digestive system. These images help determine the rate at which the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine.

Why is a Gastric Emptying Study Done?

A gastric emptying study is performed to evaluate the function of the stomach and diagnose conditions that may affect the emptying of food. It is commonly used to diagnose gastroparesis, a condition in which the stomach takes longer than normal to empty its contents.

Gastroparesis can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, and early satiety. By measuring the rate of gastric emptying, a gastric emptying study can help determine if gastroparesis is present and guide treatment decisions.

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In addition to gastroparesis, a gastric emptying study can also be used to diagnose other conditions such as gastric outlet obstruction, dumping syndrome, and functional dyspepsia.

What to Expect During a Gastric Emptying Study?

A gastric emptying study is a painless procedure that usually takes several hours to complete. The patient may be asked to refrain from eating or drinking for a certain period of time before the test. It is important to follow any instructions provided by the healthcare provider to ensure accurate results.

During the test, the patient will be asked to lie still on a table while the gamma camera takes pictures. The camera does not touch the body, and there is no discomfort associated with the procedure. The patient may be allowed to read, watch TV, or listen to music to pass the time.

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After the test is complete, the patient can resume normal activities and eating habits unless otherwise instructed by the healthcare provider.

Conclusion

A gastric emptying study is a valuable diagnostic tool used to evaluate the rate at which food empties from the stomach. It helps diagnose conditions such as gastroparesis and provides important information for treatment planning. The procedure is safe, non-invasive, and generally well-tolerated by patients.

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