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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, also known as heart bypass surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to improve blood flow to the heart muscle when the coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed. This procedure involves creating new pathways, called bypass grafts, to redirect blood flow around the blocked or narrowed arteries.

Procedure

During a CABG surgery, the patient is placed under general anesthesia, meaning they are asleep and unaware of the procedure. The surgeon makes an incision in the chest to access the heart. The heart is temporarily stopped, and a heart-lung machine is used to take over the function of the heart and lungs, allowing the surgeon to perform the procedure.

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The surgeon then takes a healthy blood vessel, usually from the leg, arm, or chest, and attaches it to the blocked or narrowed coronary artery, creating a bypass. This bypass graft allows blood to flow around the blocked or narrowed area, restoring proper blood flow to the heart muscle.

Indications

CABG surgery is typically recommended for individuals with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) who have not responded well to other treatments, such as medication or lifestyle changes. It is commonly performed in cases where the coronary arteries are significantly blocked or narrowed, leading to symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, CABG surgery carries certain risks and potential complications. These may include infection, bleeding, blood clots, stroke, heart attack, irregular heart rhythms, and complications related to anesthesia. However, the overall risk of serious complications is relatively low, and the benefits of improved blood flow and reduced symptoms often outweigh the risks.

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Recovery

After the surgery, the patient is closely monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU) for a few days. They may have tubes and wires attached to their body to help with monitoring and recovery. Pain medications are provided to manage any discomfort, and physical therapy may be initiated to aid in the recovery process.

Most patients are able to leave the hospital within a week after the surgery, although the full recovery period may take several weeks or months. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions regarding medication, diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes to ensure a successful recovery and long-term heart health.

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In conclusion, CABG surgery is a procedure performed to improve blood flow to the heart muscle by creating bypass grafts around blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. It is a commonly performed surgical intervention for individuals with severe coronary artery disease, providing relief from symptoms and improving overall heart function.

Keywords: surgery, coronary, bypass, procedure, blocked, narrowed, artery, recovery, performed