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Epigenetic Changes Associated with Age-Related Inflammation

Epigenetic changes refer to modifications in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence itself. These changes can be influenced by various factors, including age and environmental factors, and have been implicated in the development and progression of age-related diseases, including inflammation.

Definition

Age-related inflammation, also known as inflammaging, is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that occurs with advancing age. It is characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and immune dysregulation, leading to tissue damage and the development of age-related diseases.

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Epigenetic Modifications in Age-Related Inflammation

Several epigenetic modifications have been identified to play a role in age-related inflammation. These modifications can affect gene expression patterns and contribute to the dysregulation of immune responses and chronic inflammation.

1. DNA Methylation: DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that involves the addition of a methyl group to the DNA molecule. In age-related inflammation, alterations in DNA methylation patterns have been observed in genes involved in immune response regulation. These changes can lead to the overexpression of pro-inflammatory genes and the suppression of anti-inflammatory genes.

2. Histone Modifications: Histones are proteins that help package DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. Various modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, can occur on histones and influence gene expression. In age-related inflammation, alterations in histone modifications have been associated with the dysregulation of immune response genes, leading to increased inflammation.

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3. Non-Coding RNAs: Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have emerged as important regulators of gene expression. These RNAs can interact with messenger RNAs and modulate their stability or translation. In age-related inflammation, dysregulation of non-coding RNAs has been observed, leading to altered expression of genes involved in immune response and inflammation.

Implications and Future Directions

Understanding the epigenetic changes associated with age-related inflammation can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammaging and the development of age-related diseases. Targeting these epigenetic modifications may offer potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating chronic inflammation and promoting healthy aging.

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Keywords: inflammation, related, modifications, epigenetic, changes, expression, immune, inflammatory, dysregulation