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Effects of Caloric Restriction Mimetics on Oxidative Stress

Caloric restriction mimetics are compounds that mimic the effects of caloric restriction, a dietary intervention known to extend lifespan and improve healthspan in various organisms. These compounds have gained significant attention in the field of longevity research due to their potential to promote longevity and delay age-related diseases.

Definition

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to detoxify them or repair the resulting damage. ROS are natural byproducts of cellular metabolism, but excessive levels can lead to oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, contributing to aging and age-related diseases.

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Effects of Caloric Restriction Mimetics on Oxidative Stress

Studies have shown that caloric restriction mimetics can modulate oxidative stress by reducing the production of ROS and enhancing the body’s antioxidant defense systems. These compounds activate various cellular pathways, such as the sirtuin pathway and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which play crucial roles in regulating cellular metabolism and stress response.

Caloric restriction mimetics, such as resveratrol, rapamycin, and metformin, have been found to increase the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, which help neutralize ROS. They also promote mitochondrial biogenesis and improve mitochondrial function, reducing the production of ROS during cellular respiration.

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Furthermore, caloric restriction mimetics can enhance the body’s natural defense mechanisms against oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense and detoxification processes.

Overall, the effects of caloric restriction mimetics on oxidative stress are multifaceted, involving the modulation of ROS production, enhancement of antioxidant defense systems, and activation of cellular stress response pathways. These mechanisms contribute to the potential longevity-promoting effects of these compounds and their ability to mitigate age-related oxidative damage.

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Keywords: caloric, restriction, oxidative, stress, mimetics, effects, cellular, compounds, related