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What are the different types of IUDs available?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped contraceptive device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are several different types of IUDs available, each with its own unique characteristics and benefits. Here are the most common types:

1. Copper IUD

The copper IUD, also known as the non-hormonal IUD, is made of plastic with a copper wire wrapped around the stem. It works by releasing copper ions into the uterus, which create an environment that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. The copper IUD can be effective for up to 10 years and is a good option for women who prefer a hormone-free contraceptive method.

2. Hormonal IUD

The hormonal IUD, also known as the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD, is made of plastic and contains a small amount of the hormone levonorgestrel. This type of IUD works by releasing a steady dose of hormones into the uterus, which thickens the cervical mucus, inhibits sperm movement, and thins the lining of the uterus, making it less receptive to implantation. The hormonal IUD can be effective for up to 3-5 years, depending on the specific brand.

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3. Progestin-only IUD

The progestin-only IUD, also known as the mini IUD, is similar to the hormonal IUD but contains a lower dose of levonorgestrel. It works in the same way as the hormonal IUD, but is often recommended for women who cannot tolerate estrogen or have certain medical conditions that contraindicate the use of estrogen-containing contraceptives. The progestin-only IUD can be effective for up to 3-5 years, depending on the specific brand.

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4. Flexible IUD

The flexible IUD, also known as the frameless IUD, is a newer type of IUD that is made of a flexible material, such as silicone. It is designed to provide a more comfortable fit and reduce the risk of expulsion. The flexible IUD works in the same way as the copper or hormonal IUD, depending on the specific type chosen. It can be effective for up to 3-5 years, depending on the specific brand.

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine which type of IUD is most suitable for your individual needs and preferences. They can provide personalized guidance and help you make an informed decision about contraception.

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