Types of Humic Acid Fractions Obtained During Extraction

Humic acid is a complex mixture of organic compounds that are derived from the decomposition of plant and animal materials. During the extraction process, humic acid can be separated into different fractions based on their solubility and molecular weight. These fractions are commonly referred to as humic acid fractions. Here are the different types of humic acid fractions that can be obtained during extraction:

Fulvic Acid

Fulvic acid is the most soluble fraction of humic acid and has the smallest molecular weight. It is typically yellow to brown in color and is highly soluble in water. Fulvic acid is known for its ability to chelate and transport nutrients, making it an important component in soil fertility and plant growth.

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Humic Acid

Humic acid is the intermediate fraction of humic substances, with a higher molecular weight than fulvic acid. It is less soluble in water compared to fulvic acid and has a darker color, ranging from brown to black. Humic acid plays a crucial role in soil structure and nutrient retention, as well as enhancing microbial activity and improving plant root development.

Humin

Humin is the least soluble and highest molecular weight fraction of humic substances. It is insoluble in water and appears as a solid residue after extraction. Humin is dark brown to black in color and is mainly composed of highly condensed and polymerized organic matter. Although it has limited solubility, humin contributes to soil stability and acts as a long-term reservoir of organic carbon.

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Intermediate Fractions

In addition to the three main fractions mentioned above, there can be intermediate fractions that fall between fulvic acid and humic acid or between humic acid and humin. These fractions may have varying solubility and molecular weight characteristics, depending on the extraction method used.

Overall, the different types of humic acid fractions obtained during extraction provide valuable insights into the composition and properties of humic substances. Understanding these fractions can help in assessing soil health, nutrient availability, and the overall effectiveness of humic acid applications in agriculture.

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Keywords: fractions, extraction, fulvic, molecular, weight, during, soluble, obtained, organic