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Types of Cell-Matrix Adhesion Molecules

Cell-matrix adhesion molecules are proteins that mediate the attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that surrounds cells. These adhesion molecules play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell migration, tissue development, and maintenance of tissue integrity.

1. Integrins

Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that connect the ECM to the cell cytoskeleton. They consist of α and β subunits, which form heterodimeric complexes with distinct binding specificities for ECM components such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. Integrins are involved in cell adhesion, signaling, and mechanotransduction, allowing cells to sense and respond to their microenvironment.

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2. Cadherins

Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules that mediate homophilic interactions between cells. They play a crucial role in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. Cadherins are primarily involved in cell-cell adhesion, but they can also interact with ECM components indirectly through other adhesion molecules.

3. Selectins

Selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate the initial interactions between circulating cells (such as leukocytes) and the endothelium lining blood vessels. They bind to specific carbohydrate structures on cell surface glycoproteins, facilitating cell rolling and subsequent firm adhesion. Selectins are important in immune responses and inflammation.

4. Syndecans

Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans that interact with various ECM components, growth factors, and enzymes. They have a role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. Syndecans can modulate the activity of other adhesion molecules and contribute to the regulation of cell-matrix interactions.

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5. Proteoglycans

Proteoglycans are complex molecules consisting of a core protein and attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. They are abundant in the ECM and can interact with various cell adhesion molecules. Proteoglycans contribute to the structural integrity of tissues, regulate cell signaling, and modulate cell-matrix interactions.

These different types of cell-matrix adhesion molecules work together to regulate cell behavior and maintain tissue homeostasis. Their interactions with the ECM provide mechanical support, transmit signals, and influence cell function in various physiological and pathological processes.

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Keywords: adhesion, molecules, matrix, tissue, interactions, various, proteoglycans, mediate, integrity