Identifying Birdsfoot Trefoil in the Field

Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) is a perennial legume commonly found in agricultural fields and pastures. Its distinctive characteristics make it relatively easy to identify in the field. Here are some key features to look for:

Plant Structure

Birdsfoot Trefoil is a low-growing plant that typically reaches a height of 12-24 inches. It has a branching stem with multiple leaflets arranged in groups of five, resembling a bird’s foot. The leaflets are oval-shaped, smooth, and have a bluish-green color.

Flowers

The plant produces bright yellow flowers that are clustered at the end of the stems. Each flower has five petals, with a characteristic red or orange spot at the base. The flowers bloom from late spring to early summer, attracting bees and other pollinators.

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Seed Pods

After flowering, Birdsfoot Trefoil forms seed pods that resemble small curved horns or bird’s beaks. These pods contain several small, round seeds that are dark brown or black in color.

Growth Habit

Birdsfoot Trefoil has a spreading growth habit, forming dense patches in the field. It has a deep taproot system that allows it to tolerate drought and survive in various soil conditions.

Preferred Habitat

This legume species thrives in well-drained soils and is commonly found in open grasslands, meadows, and pastures. It can tolerate moderate shade but prefers full sun for optimal growth.

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By observing these distinctive characteristics, you can confidently identify Birdsfoot Trefoil in the field. Its ability to fix nitrogen and provide high-quality forage makes it a valuable component of many agricultural systems.

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