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How does skin prick testing work?

The procedure involves applying a small amount of allergen extracts onto the surface of the skin, typically on the forearm or back. These allergens can include common triggers such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods, or insect venom.

Once the allergens are applied, a healthcare professional will use a sterile lancet or a small needle to gently prick or scratch the skin’s surface. This allows the allergens to enter the skin and come into contact with immune cells known as mast cells, which are responsible for triggering allergic reactions.

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If a person is allergic to a particular substance, their immune system will recognize it as a threat and release histamines and other chemicals in response. These chemicals cause localized inflammation and the characteristic symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as itching, redness, and swelling.

The healthcare professional will closely monitor the skin for any signs of a reaction, typically within 15-20 minutes. The size of the resulting wheal (a raised, red bump) and the degree of itchiness or discomfort experienced by the patient will help determine the severity of the allergy.

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It is important to note that skin prick testing should only be performed by trained healthcare professionals in a controlled environment, as it carries a small risk of triggering a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. However, this risk is minimized by using standardized allergen extracts and following strict safety protocols.

Overall, skin prick testing is a valuable tool in diagnosing allergies, as it provides quick and reliable results. By identifying specific allergens, healthcare professionals can develop personalized treatment plans and recommend avoidance strategies to help patients manage their allergies effectively.

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Keywords: testing, healthcare, allergic, allergens, allergies, professionals, reaction, scratch, procedure