How does excessive sun exposure affect the eyes?-July 2024-www.zdask.com

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How does excessive sun exposure affect the eyes?

Excessive sun exposure can have detrimental effects on the eyes, causing various eye conditions and long-term damage. The eyes are highly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is emitted by the sun. When the eyes are exposed to excessive amounts of UV radiation, it can lead to several eye problems, including:

1. Photokeratitis: Also known as “sunburn of the eye,” photokeratitis occurs when the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, is exposed to intense UV radiation. This condition can cause symptoms such as eye pain, redness, tearing, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. While photokeratitis is usually temporary, it can be extremely uncomfortable and may require medical treatment.

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2. Pterygium: Pterygium is a growth of tissue on the white part of the eye (conjunctiva) that can extend onto the cornea. Excessive sun exposure is one of the primary risk factors for developing this condition. Pterygium can cause symptoms such as redness, irritation, dryness, and a feeling of having a foreign body in the eye. In severe cases, it may affect vision and require surgical removal.

3. Cataracts: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation is a significant risk factor for the development of cataracts. Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision, sensitivity to glare, and difficulty seeing in low light conditions. While cataracts can develop due to various factors, including aging, excessive sun exposure can accelerate their formation.

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4. Macular degeneration: UV radiation can also contribute to the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Excessive sun exposure can increase the risk of developing both the dry and wet forms of AMD, leading to vision loss and impairment.

To protect the eyes from the harmful effects of excessive sun exposure, it is crucial to wear sunglasses that provide 100% UV protection and have a wraparound design to shield the eyes from all angles. Additionally, wearing a wide-brimmed hat and avoiding direct sunlight during peak hours can further minimize the risk of eye damage. Regular eye examinations are also essential to detect and address any potential eye conditions caused by sun exposure.

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Keywords: exposure, excessive, radiation, vision, cataracts, conditions, photokeratitis, pterygium, affect