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Definition: How does autophagy influence the response to oxidative stress?

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of cells to detoxify them or repair the resulting damage. ROS are highly reactive molecules that can cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to cellular dysfunction and potentially contributing to the development of various diseases, including aging-related diseases.

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Autophagy acts as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress by selectively removing damaged cellular components and recycling them for energy production or building new molecules. This process helps to maintain cellular integrity and functionality by eliminating ROS-damaged molecules and preventing the accumulation of toxic substances.

Furthermore, autophagy can also regulate the production of ROS by removing dysfunctional mitochondria, which are a major source of ROS generation. By eliminating damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy, autophagy helps to reduce the overall oxidative burden on cells.

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In summary, autophagy plays a crucial role in the response to oxidative stress by removing damaged cellular components, regulating ROS production, and promoting cell survival. Understanding the intricate relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress can provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases and promote longevity.

Keywords: oxidative, autophagy, stress, cellular, damaged, production, process, components, molecules