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Definition: How do over-the-counter antihistamines work?

Over-the-counter antihistamines are medications that are readily available without a prescription to help relieve symptoms of allergies. These medications work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical that is released by the body in response to an allergic reaction.

How do antihistamines block the effects of histamine?

When you come into contact with an allergen, such as pollen or pet dander, your immune system releases histamine. Histamine binds to specific receptors in your body, causing a cascade of symptoms like sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and a runny nose.

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Antihistamines work by binding to these same receptors, preventing histamine from attaching to them. This action blocks the histamine’s effects and helps alleviate allergy symptoms.

Types of over-the-counter antihistamines

There are two main types of over-the-counter antihistamines: first-generation and second-generation.

First-generation antihistamines

First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), have been available for a long time. They are effective in relieving allergy symptoms but can cause drowsiness and other side effects. These antihistamines are more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to sedative effects.

Second-generation antihistamines

Second-generation antihistamines, such as loratadine (Claritin) and cetirizine (Zyrtec), are newer medications that are less likely to cause drowsiness. They are designed to target the histamine receptors in the body without affecting the brain as much. These antihistamines are often preferred for daytime use or when alertness is required.

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How to use over-the-counter antihistamines

Over-the-counter antihistamines come in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquids. It is important to carefully read and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or consult with a healthcare professional.

Some general guidelines for using over-the-counter antihistamines include:

• Take the medication as directed, usually once or twice a day.
• Avoid exceeding the recommended dosage.
• Be aware of potential side effects, such as drowsiness or dry mouth.
• If you are taking other medications or have any underlying medical conditions, consult with a healthcare professional before using antihistamines.
• If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical advice.

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It is important to note that while over-the-counter antihistamines can provide temporary relief from allergy symptoms, they do not treat the underlying cause of allergies. If you have severe or persistent allergies, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Keywords: antihistamines, counter, histamine, symptoms, effects, generation, medications, allergies, receptors