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How do over-the-counter antihistamines help with itching and hives?

Over-the-counter antihistamines are medications that are widely available without a prescription and are commonly used to alleviate itching and hives. These medications work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction.

Understanding itching and hives

Itching, also known as pruritus, is an unpleasant sensation that triggers the desire to scratch. It can occur due to various reasons, including allergies, insect bites, dry skin, or certain medical conditions. Hives, on the other hand, are raised, itchy welts that appear on the skin as a result of an allergic reaction.

The role of histamine in itching and hives

When the body encounters an allergen, such as pollen or pet dander, it releases histamine as part of the immune response. Histamine binds to specific receptors on cells, causing blood vessels to dilate and become leaky. This leads to the characteristic redness, swelling, and itching associated with allergic reactions and hives.

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How antihistamines work

Antihistamines work by blocking the histamine receptors, preventing histamine from binding to them. By doing so, they reduce the release of inflammatory chemicals and help alleviate the symptoms of itching and hives.

Types of over-the-counter antihistamines

There are two main types of over-the-counter antihistamines: first-generation and second-generation.

First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), have a sedating effect and are more likely to cause drowsiness. They are generally recommended for nighttime use or when sedation is desired.

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Second-generation antihistamines, such as loratadine (Claritin) and cetirizine (Zyrtec), are less likely to cause drowsiness and are often preferred for daytime use. They provide long-lasting relief and are generally considered safer for regular use.

Effectiveness and precautions

Over-the-counter antihistamines can provide significant relief from itching and hives for many individuals. However, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and precautions provided on the packaging or by a healthcare professional.

While these medications are generally safe, they may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness. It is advisable to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if drowsiness occurs.

If symptoms persist or worsen despite using over-the-counter antihistamines, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

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