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Definition: Why are sirtuin activators considered caloric restriction mimetics?

Sirtuin activators are compounds that can stimulate the activity of sirtuins, a group of proteins involved in regulating various cellular processes, including metabolism, aging, and longevity. These activators are often referred to as caloric restriction mimetics because they can mimic some of the beneficial effects of caloric restriction, a dietary intervention known to extend lifespan in many organisms.

Caloric restriction is a dietary regimen that involves reducing calorie intake without causing malnutrition. It has been shown to increase lifespan and improve healthspan in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to mammals. The exact mechanisms by which caloric restriction exerts its effects are not fully understood, but one of the key players in this process is the activation of sirtuins.

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Sirtuins are a family of proteins that require the molecule NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) as a cofactor to function properly. They act as cellular sensors, responding to changes in nutrient availability and energy status. When activated, sirtuins can modify the activity of various target proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes, to regulate cellular processes such as gene expression, DNA repair, and metabolism.

Sirtuin activators, such as resveratrol and other polyphenols, can enhance the activity of sirtuins by increasing the availability of NAD+ or directly interacting with sirtuin proteins. By doing so, these activators can mimic some of the effects of caloric restriction, such as improved metabolic health, increased stress resistance, and extended lifespan.

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However, it is important to note that the exact role of sirtuins in mediating the effects of caloric restriction and the efficacy of sirtuin activators as caloric restriction mimetics are still subjects of ongoing research and debate. While sirtuin activation has shown promising results in various model organisms, its translation to human health and longevity is still being investigated.

Keywords: caloric, restriction, sirtuin, activators, sirtuins, proteins, effects, mimetics, activity