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Definition: What are the different types of hormones?

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by various glands in the body. They play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. There are several different types of hormones, each with its own specific functions and mechanisms of action.

1. Peptide Hormones

Peptide hormones are composed of amino acids and are typically produced by the endocrine glands. They include hormones such as insulin, growth hormone, and oxytocin. Peptide hormones bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular signaling events.

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2. Steroid Hormones

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are produced by the adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. Examples of steroid hormones include cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone. Unlike peptide hormones, steroid hormones can pass through the cell membrane and bind to receptors inside the target cells, directly influencing gene expression.

3. Amino Acid-Derived Hormones

Amino acid-derived hormones are synthesized from amino acids, such as tyrosine and tryptophan. Examples of amino acid-derived hormones include thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and epinephrine (adrenaline). These hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells and activate various signaling pathways.

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4. Eicosanoids

Eicosanoids are a class of hormones derived from fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. They include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Eicosanoids are involved in inflammation, blood clotting, and immune responses. They act locally, exerting their effects near the site of production.

5. Neurotransmitters

While not traditionally considered hormones, neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a vital role in communication between nerve cells. Examples of neurotransmitters include dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. They are released from nerve cells and bind to receptors on target cells, transmitting signals within the nervous system.

Understanding the different types of hormones is essential for comprehending the complex regulatory processes that occur within the body. Each type of hormone has its own unique functions and mechanisms, contributing to the overall balance and homeostasis of the body.

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